This is a non-exhaustive list of the species of Vatan intended to be largely spoiler free.
Humans
Humans vary on Vatan as much as they do in the real world. Regionally, Al-Qadr is roughly analagous to the variation seen from the Middle East to North Africa. South of Al-Qadr is more like Sub-Saharan Africa. From Mur to the Eastern border of Iurrak is comparable to Europe though variation from North to South in the real world is a closer to the distribution form West to East on the continent of Taldyr.
Scandinavian is comparable with the southern part of the Northlands, where it is warm enough for humans to survive. East of Iurrak is the Empire of Otroya which is more like the region from modern day Turkey to Central Asia. Even further east, beyond Otroya, is Sharq which is roughly comparable to China, Japan and South East Asia. There are ethnic groups in reality that don’t yet have an explicit place on the map of Vatan, but I expect I will place them somewhere eventually.
I haven’t made any particular effort to be completely consistent with the distribution of ethnicities, so it’s quite possible for some unexpected variation to occur.
Elves
There are five known subspecies of elves on Vatan. The fire elves, historically the first among equals are not numerous and their ancestral home is the troubled Kingdom of Fire, a rocky, mountainous region covered in enormous trees (think Sequoia Giganteum). Metal elves, the most flamboyant subspecies live in the Kingdom of Metal, which covers half of a small continent to the West of mainland Taldyr. The land there is somewhat drier, more comparable geographically to the Eastern Mediterranean. The Kingdom of Earth is a cooler, mountainous and windswept area north of The Kingdom of Selinus. Sheltered valleys have deep and dark forests. Think of a terrain that bears some resemblance to Scotland.
The continent of Alfheim, north of The Kingdom of Iurrak houses both the Kingdom of Water and the Kingdom of Wood. The Kingdom of Water, on the western half of Alfheim, is a land of extensive waters and countless streams, rivers and lakes where it rains very often. It is very wet and the weather is as changeable as the water elves themselves. The Kingdom of Wood is filled with deep and dense forests, dryer than neighbouring water and few permanent structures. It is said you could travel all the way through the Kingdom of Wood, and never know you had been there, the wood elves are that reclusive.
Dwarves
There are two main types of dwarves known to live on Vatan. First are the plains dwarves who do not deviate all that much from humans in their customs and habits. They have no identifiable nation of their own, though there are independent hill dwarf settlements. You could just as soon find them living among humans though they are not terribly common in Taldyr. Many of their towns are concentrated around the fringes of Dwarfholme, the mountain dwarf kingdom and it is said there is a island n the western ocean where many plains dwarves live. Plains dwarves can often be encountered as smiths, mercenaries and some even sail human style vessels as pirates or merchants. In fact there are few human professions that the hill dwarves avoid.
Mountain dwarves are the classic image of a dwarf. Their underground city is said to stretch under the entirety of the region they inhabit, Dwarfholme. The works of the mountain dwarves are legendary and they are proud of their culture and heritage. They are grounded, honourable, insular and traditional.
It is said there are other kinds of dwarves too, but little is known of their homes or politics. One kind is said to live deeper below the surface of Vatan and another to have a inherent engineering aptitude and taste for unnecessary complexity in their projects.
Others
There are more species on Taldyr of course, as well as more variants of the species already mentioned, but I’m not going to go into that yet. I choose to give a rough overview here, to be certain that there are no spoilers.